Im working with a person on natural therapies for hypertension and thought Id include these clips from the notes I was using on supplementing with magnesium, potassium and taurine since they are of interest to afibbers as well.
Jackie
Sources:
(1) "What Your Doctor May Not Tell You about Hypertension" (2003) - Mark Houston, MD. Dr. Houston is an associate clinical profession of medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and director of Hypertension Institute and Vascular Biology, Saint Thomas Medical Group, St. Thomas Hospital. He is also a nutritionally-oriented, functional-medicine-type physician.
(2) "High Blood Pressure Solutions Natural Prevention and Cure with the K factor" (1993) Richard D. Moore, MD, PhD. Dr. Moore is a retired college biophysics professor. He was a professor of biophysics at the State Univ. of New York in Plattsburg and was active in the field of biomedical research for 25 years. He lives in California.
Potassium, magnesium - Dr. Moore(2)
Besides making hypertension worse, hypokalemia (low potassium levels) can decrease glomerular filtration rate, decrease renal concentrating ability, increase sodium reabsorption, increase ammoniagenesis and cause glucose intolerance.
Although the extent of the danger is debated, there is considerable evidence that hypokalemia can cause arrhythmia. In fact, the biophysics of potassium in the cell clearly tells us that hypokalemia would cause some abnormality in membrane voltage and thus make cardiac cells more prone to an abnormality in rhythm.
An increased risk for cardiac irregularities has been correlated with decreases in serum potassium levels of greater than 0.6Eq/L (Diuretic induced ventricular ectopic activity. Am J. Med 70:762-768 (1981)
Because the activity of the membrane sodium-potassium pump depends on potassium, hypokalemia is especially dangerous under conditions in which this pump has already been slowed, as in digitalis therapy or hypoinsulinemia.
One of the reasons why digitalis can be dangerous is that it can drop plasma potassium and bring on cardiac arrhythmia.
Diabetics have a decreased activity of sodium-potassium pumps and is almost certainly the reason for decreased ability of diabetics to prevent hyperkalemia.
Aldosterone can also cause kidneys to excrete more potassium. A high blood level of aldosterone leads not only to retention of sodium and to loss of potassium, but also to elevated blood pressure one more piece of evidence that excess sodium or too little potassium can cause hypertension.
Lowered levels of plasma potassium and magnesium, predispose people to potentially severe irregularity of the heart beat including ventricular ectopic beats and also sudden death.
Magnesium loss increases the tendency of the body to lose potassium and supplementation is sometimes required in order to enable the body to replenish its store so potassium. In cases of patients with hypomagnesemia, attempts to correct hypokalemia are ineffective until normal levels of magnesium are restored. (Management of hypertension and cardiovascular risk. Am. J. Med. 90(suppl 2A):2S-6S (1991)
Insulin is the post potent hormone for extra-renal potassium regulation. When body potassium is replenished, the ability to handle potassium load without spiking plasma potassium is greatly improved. This is known as potassium tolerance. Conversely, if a person is deficient in body potassium, the ability to handle a potassium load is compromised. So potassium deficiency presents a delicate problem. The potassium needs to be restored, but not too fast.
Acceptable serum potassium levels:
Serum potassium levels of 4.0 or less and especially if it is below the accepted lower limit of 3.5, it is necessary to recheck the levels every two or three weeks until at least two successive readings are between 4.0 and 5.0 mEq/L
Between 4.0 and 5.0 check twice a monthly intervals.
From Dr. Houston (1)
Potassium acts like a natural diuretic, helping here body to excrete excessive amounts of sodium along with the fluid that sodium draws. Without enough potassium, many people will retain water which increases their blood volume and in turn, pushes up their blood pressure.
Optimize Magnesium - Studies show the more magnesium people take in, the lower their blood pressure. Magnesium helps to regulate the amount of calcium, sodium and potassium inside the cells and all play a key role in blood pressure levels.
Low magnesium will cause low potassium, so until the missing magnesium is replaced, taking potassium alone will not increase blood potassium levels.
Watch alcohol intake - alcohol can block absorption of key nutrients. Several vitamin10s and minerals are poorly absorbed due to alcohol ingestion, including magnesium and zinc both important for blood pressure control. Additionally, alcohol stimulates the release of cortisol which promotes both sodium retention and potassium loss. That pushes blood pressure up.
Taurine - Dr. Huston (1)
Taurine is an amino acid that the body
doesnt use to make protein.
Instead, it circulates freely throughout the brain, retina and heart muscle.
Studies have shown that taurine can lower both blood pressure and heart rate while decreasing irregular heart rhythms and the symptoms of congestive heart failure.
In a study of 19 people with hypertension, giving 6 grams of taurine per day for 7 days reduced the systolic blood pressure by 9 mm Hg and the diastolic by 4.1 Hg.
He also says:
In heart cells, taurine represents about 50% of the free amino acids and has a role of osmoregulator and has been used to treat hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, arrhythmias, atherosclerosis, CHF and other cardiovascular conditions.
Animal studies have shown consistent and significant reductions in Bp. Taurine inhibited the alcohol-induced hypertension by reducing acetyladehyde and changing membrane cation handling.
Taurine lowers BP and HR, decreases arrhythmias, CHF symptoms, Sympathetic nervous system activity, increases urinary sodium, decreases aldosterone, plasma norepinephrine and plasma and urinary epinephrine.
This diuretic effect is seen in normal subjects as well as hypertensive and cirrhotics with ascites.
In doses of 6 grams/day for 2 weeks in 22 healthy, normotensive male volunteers, taurine reduced SNS (sympathetic nervous system) activity, urinary epinephrine, total cholesterol and LDL, but increased Total Good, while Bp and BMI did not change significantly.
The mechanisms by which taurine exerts its cardiovascular and antihypertensive effects include diuresis and urinary sodium loss, vasodilation, reduced homocysteine, improved glucose and insulin sensitivity, increased sodium space, reduced SNS activity, and opiate-mediated vasodepressor response, increased renal kallikrein, reduced PRA and aldosterone, and a glcyine-mediated CNS response with decreases in both BP and HR.
Concomitant use of enalapril with taurine provide additive reductions in Bp, LVH, arrhythmias, and platelet aggregation.
The recommended dose of taurine is 2 to 3 grams a day at which no adverse effects are noted but higher doses may be needed to reduce BP significantly.